Written and collected by Zia H Shah MD

Abstract

This commentary examines Quran 79:27–33 in depth, exploring its scientific, philosophical, and theological implications. In these verses, the Quran pointedly asks whether the creation of the heavens is more formidable than that of humankind, and it explicitly states that the heavenly cosmos was fashioned before the earth was spread out. We analyze the Arabic wording and structure of the passage – notably the phrase “and after that He spread the earth” – which strongly indicates a chronological sequence placing the creation of heavens prior to the full formation of earth. We then identify other Quranic verses that mention the creation of the heavens before the earth (even if less explicitly) and reconcile these with verses that appear to list the earth first. Insights from classical Islamic exegesis (such as al-Ṭabarī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Ibn Kathīr, and al-Qurṭubī) are incorporated, showing how early scholars understood the sequence of creation and resolved apparent contradictions. Modern interpretations (for example, Muhammad Asad and Sayyid Quṭb, as well as contemporary academic perspectives) are also discussed, highlighting how recent scholars harmonize the Quranic narrative with scientific cosmology. The commentary compares the Quranic account with the Biblical Genesis creation narrative, noting key differences in the order of creation (e.g. the Quran’s avoidance of placing vegetation before the sun). Philosophically, the sequence in Quran 79:27–33 invites reflection on cosmology, divine intentionality in a staged creation process, and the purposefulness of Quranic language that speaks effectively to both a 7th-century audience and modern readers. The analysis maintains an academic and interfaith-friendly tone throughout. An introduction sets the stage, and a reflective epilogue concludes the commentary by considering the broader implications of these verses for science-faith discourse and theological thought.

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