Epigraph

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Say: He, God is One, Allah, the Independent and Besought of all. He begets not nor was He begotten. No one is comparable to Him. (Surah Ikhlas)

Written and collected by Zia H Shah MD

Introduction

According to orthodox Christian theology, Jesus Christ is believed to be both fully God and fully human simultaneously – a doctrine known as the Incarnation or hypostatic union thequran.love. This means that in the one person of Jesus, all the attributes of divinity and all the attributes of humanity are united without mixing or diminution thequran.love. On the surface, this presents a paradox: how can one individual “simultaneously possess all the limitations of humanity and all the unlimited attributes of divinity?” thequran.love. This claim raises numerous questions and concerns from scientific, philosophical, and theological perspectives – especially when viewed through the lens of Islamic theology, which emphasizes God’s absolute oneness and transcendence. In this critique, we will examine the Christian belief in Jesus as a perfect man and fully divine and analyze the challenges it poses. We will draw on scholarly discussions and analogies – including examples of conjoined twins and dissociative identity disorder – to explore whether any natural phenomenon can metaphorically support or undermine the concept of multiple natures or persons in one being. Throughout, the analysis will reflect an Islamic perspective, upholding the strict monotheism (tawḥīd) of Islam and questioning the coherence of the incarnation dogma.

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