Written and collected by Zia H Shah MD

Abstract

This study examines Quranic verses that allude to the existence of multiple “Earths” and possibly extraterrestrial life, presenting a comprehensive commentary from theological, scientific, and philosophical perspectives. We identify several key verses – including references to “seven Earths” and to living creatures dispersed throughout the heavens – and analyze classical exegesis (tafsir) by scholars such as Ibn Kathir, Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and others. Classical interpretations range from literal understandings of multiple worlds inhabited by creatures (with some reports even suggesting prophets on each world) to metaphorical views (e.g. layers of Earth or continents). We then contrast these with modern interpretations by contemporary Muslim thinkers and scientists who see these verses as hints of a cosmos teeming with life beyond our planet. Scientific commentary is integrated throughout, drawing on astrophysics, cosmology, and astrobiology – for example, the discovery of thousands of exoplanets and the estimation of billions of Earth-like worlds in our galaxy worldatlas.com. Historical and philosophical insights within the Islamic tradition (such as medieval discussions on the plurality of worlds and the theological implications of contacting other beings) are also explored. In conclusion, we find that the Quran’s language and the Islamic scholarly tradition show a remarkable openness to a vast, populated universe, and this is harmonized with modern scientific understanding. Islam’s view of God as “Lord of all worlds” is thematically affirmed by scientific evidence for numerous worlds, offering a holistic perspective that integrates faith and reason in contemplating extraterrestrial life.

Read further in PDF file: